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The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of Siddha herbo-mineral formulation Surangusa Parpam at the dose level of 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, in brewer yeast induced fever model Wistar rats. Fever was induced by subcutaneous injection of 10ml/kg of 20% w/v aqueous suspension of brewer’s yeast into the nape of the rat's neck. After eighteen hours feverish animals were treated with Surangusa Parpam 15mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight, orally, and rectal temperatures were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-treatment by inserting a well-lubricated bulb of the clinical thermometer. Surangusa Parpam showed a significant decrease in the elevated body temperature of rats that remained sustained throughout the tested time points from 1 to 3 hours in the used model. 35mg/kg body weight dose level showed significant inhibition of elevated body temperature when compared with the standard control. These results indicate that the Antipyretic activity of Surangusa Parpam and in addition to its well-established anti-inflammatory activity possesses significant antihistamine activity that may be beneficial in symptomatic relief when it is used in the therapy of allergic and inflammatory disorders.
ABSTRACT
The Siddha system is a primordial system of medicine followed over a long period in the Southern part of India. Siddha system has peculiar methods in treating a disease and also possesses various diagnostic methods and treatment protocols. In the Siddha system, diagnostic methods are purely differing from other systems. The diagnostic tools are Envagaithervu (Eight Fold Assessment Test), Neer Kuri & Nei Kuri (Siddha Urine Test), Nadi (Pulse Test) etc. In the Siddha system treatments are based on Nadi, Suvai. Diabetics are the major non-communicable disease in the world. According to the statistics India is second among the top ten nations in the world, with 69.2 million people suffering from diabetes and another 36.5 million struggling with pre-diabetes. This rising prevalence is mostly due to changes in lifestyle, such as consuming unhealthy foods and being physically sedentary. In the Siddha system, it is compared with Neerizhuvu Noi. In Siddha, diabetes is not an illness. It is possible to keep it under control with the right diet and treatment. The article focus on scientific justification of the relationship of herbs cured Neerizhuvu Noi mentioned in classical text by their organoleptic characters and anti diabetic activity of the herbs. Taste plays a significant part in the selection of medicinal plants for each person in this kind of personalized treatment that is based on their constitution. This article discusses the Siddha approach to the control of diabetes, with a particular focus on the flavour of herbs.
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Growing evidence suggests that polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and Bronchial asthma coexist thanks to their common pathogenicity route. Both PCOS and Bronchial asthma has been associated with chronic low grade inflammation which results in hormonal disparity. One such case of a young woman with a medical history of Bronchial asthma presented with complaints of irregular menstrual cycle with amenorrhea and episodes of asthmatic attack once a month. The laboratory investigations including both blood and sonographic studies revealed the elevated absolute eosinophilic count, serum IgE and bilateral polycystic ovarian cyst. The Patient has been treated with internal medications and was advised to continue the physical activity such as walk for once a day and Pranayama (breathing exercise) as an adjunct to the treatment. After the treatment period of about 10 months, the outcome was assessed by both clinical prognosis as well as with USG report. The case study is about managing PCOS as well as bronchial asthma by Siddha therapeutic intervention and efficacy of the chosen drugs towards the ailments has also been explained with the help of preclinical studies conducted on the individual herbs of the formulation included in the study. This study could help to explore the therapeutic potential of Siddha medicine towards alleviating the low grade inflammation and hormonal imbalances associated with both Bronchial asthma as well as PCOS.
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Siddhars said about various diseases and the treatment methods with herbs, minerals and animal products. In Siddha literatures viral fevers can be compared to Vatha Kapha Suram and therefore decoction for this Suram is taken from classical Siddha text book and the ingredients are searched for pharmacological activity and toxicity study from 118 published journal papers from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate and Science Direct. Collected data is entered in MS excel and analysed using RFC score. All together there are 51 pharmacological activities are published for these nine ingredients. In which Anti-inflammatory has RFC=1, other properties like antipyretic, anti-tussive, bronchodialator, anti-asthmatic, analgesic, neuro-regenerative, neuroprotective, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-emetic, neuroprotective, analgesic, sedative has more than 0.55 RFC score. More than this cardioprotective, renoprotective, hepatoprotective, and other protective properties are present in more than 50% of ingredients. In toxicity studies no toxic effects are seen in in vivo studies for the ingredients The Suvai, Thanmai, Pirivu, in Siddha aspect, of these ingredients can highly reduces Vatha and Kapha disorders. Therefore, the decoction shows significant pharmacological activity for the sign and symptoms of viral infections.
ABSTRACT
Siddha system granting preventive, curative and rejuvenating healthcare. According to Siddha system three humours- Vatham, Pitham and Kapham- mediate the body’s physiological function. Derangements of trihumour lead to diseases. Vatha diseases are the most common diseases presenting in Siddha hospitals nowadays. In Siddha system the primary goal of the treatment is to restore the balance of trihumours. The first and foremost treatment for Vatha disease is Bhedhi (purgation). The quote ‘BhedhiyaalVathamthaalum’ indicates purgation therapy will reduce Vatham. For this study the purgative drug Agasthiyarkuzhambu is used. Aim and Objective: To make a validation of purgation therapy to alleviate Vathaim balance. To describe purgation therapy in alleviate Vathaim balance by giving Agasthiyarkuzhambu to outpatient and inpatient Department, Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai. To observe the increased Vatha symptoms and Neikuri changes before and after treatment. Materials and methods: ANon randomized clinical trial was done with 40 patients, data were collected by interviewing with structured questionnaire about increased Vatha symptoms and samples of urine were collected to the analysis. The data will be analysed using SPSS. Results: Out of 40 patients, based on relief of Vatha symptoms 45% of cases reported good relief and 13% of cases reported better relief from their symptoms. In Neikuri before treatment 40% of cases had typical Vathaneikuri (fast, irregular, Aravu pol) and after treatment the Neikuri pattern changed to Pithavatham, Pitham and Kapham and only 10% of cases had Vathaneikuri. Neikuri and Vatha symptoms are better parameter for assessing alleviated Vatha imbalance in this study.
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The Siddha system of medicine is an ancient medical system, which provides ‘Holistic Health’. The word ‘Siddha’ originated from the word ‘Siddhi’ meaning achievement of perfection, eternal bliss and accomplishment. The Siddha system evolved based on ninety-six tools (96 Thattuvam) which include physical, physiological, psychological and intellectual aspects of every human being. Among the 96 tools, the five elements i.e. Pancha bootham namely Earth, Water, Fire, Air and Space are the fundamental units of everything in the human body and the cosmos. There are three vital life factors (Vaatham, Pittam, Kabham) responsible for good health. There is a relationship between these to maintain the body’s healthy. Any increase or decrease in humour causes diseases. Thirthoda sama porutkal (TSP) maintains these humour when we are using our regular diet. This article details the TSP to maintain the body healthy.
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Siddha system is the foremost traditional system, which was introduced by ancient Siddhar’s. According to Siddhar’s, nature is man, man is nature. Man is said to be microcosm and universe is macrocosm. The universe is made up of five elements namely Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space. Our body is also made up of five elements (Panchaboothas), three vital humors known as Vatham (air, space), Pitham (fire), Kabam (Earth, water), seven physical constituents are Saram (nourishing fluid), Senneer (blood), Oonn (muscles), Kozhuppu (adipose tissue), Enbu (bone), Moolai (bone marrow), Sukkilam/Suronitham (sperm/ovum) respectively. The universe has stars and planets. Each planet has an influence that reflects in our bodies. Thoughts were controlled by cosmic force in the universe. Nine planets in the universe correlate with the organs in the body Sun-Heart, Moon-Brain, Mercury-Lungs, Jupiter-Liver, Saturn-Spleen, Mars-Gall Bladder. This article explains how the planets have a connection with our human body.
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Siddha system of medicine is the philosophy-based medicine that deals with holistic approach to health and soul basically it is a way of life that emphasizes positive mindfulness. The essential life style for healthy living has been instructed in Siddha system, according to the geographical and seasonal varieties. As per Siddha concept there is 32 internal and 32 external medicines. Thylam (medicated oil) was popularly used for various ailments us Mudi thylam, Kudi thylam, Pidi thylam, Thulai thylam, Silai thylam. Sirattai Thylam is prepared by Kuzhi thylam method (destructive distillation method). It can be used for Naatpatta thole noigal (chronic skin diseases), Sori (itches), Padar thaamarai (ring worm), Padaigal (eczema), Thole thadippu (thickening of skin), Useful in mosquito bite scars, sun tan, white heads, sensitive skin, fungal infections. This case study addresses the successful treatment “the wart" (It's a local outgrowth of the epidermal layer of the skin) using Sirattai Thylam.
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Siddha system of medicine is one of the traditional systems of medicine indigenous to south India. It is a treasure house of secret science, embodying the results of the researches done by the ancient Siddhars. In Siddha system of medicine 32 types of internal and 32 types of external medicines are used for management of diseases, which includes herbs, minerals, metallic salts and animal products. One among the herb is Milagu (piper nigrum) which is a perennial woody plant cultivated mainly for its fruits. It contains phytochemicals such as piperine, piperidine, pyrrolidines, safrole etc and possesses antioxidant, antihistaminic and bronchodilator properties. In siddha system of medicine Milagu is used in numerous poly herbal formulations which are effective in treating various ailments. This literature review aimed to analyze and summarize some of the literatures which mention Milagu as component of medicine for the treatment of ailments. About 276 Milagu related preparations were reviewed from various Siddha literatures. From the results of this review, there were 237 internal medicine, 31 external medicine and 8 were of both types, from which Chooranam and Thailam are highest in internal and external medicine respectively. This literature review gives elaborate documentary evidence related to Milagu and its medicinal uses which will be very much useful for the Siddha community
ABSTRACT
Siddha system of medicine is a traditional medicinal system followed in South India. In a human body imbalance of humours causes various diseases with major symptoms. We found out the disease by the signs of symptoms and curable by Siddha medicines. Purgation is one of the major treatments of Siddha system. Purgation medically induced elimination of stools to calm down excessive vitiated Dosha. Though purgation is used in modern system it is mainly confined to gastro intestinal diseases. But in Siddha system purgation is used in first line of treatment for many diseases. In this article, purgation based on medicines, various methods of purgation, procedures of purgation, different diseases, contra indications, signs and symptoms of inadequate purgation, excessive purgation and complication and dietary regimens is explained in a holistic manner. Siddha literature and published papers were explored to found the rationale of purgation treatment. Purgation is one of the advisable therapies for chronic diseases. Purgative medicines making in the form of Kudineer, Kuzhambu and oil. Agasthiyar Kuzhambu is essentially for purgation treatment. This medicine helps to cure fifty four various diseases like fever, cough, bleeding piles etc.
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The poetic medical philosophies of Siddha were presented in palm scripts cannot be easily interpreted by common man. According to this system, the disease classification is based on the concepts of Tridosha pathology (Vatham, Pitham and Kabham). The Siddha concept of tri-humoural theory seems poles apart from those of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) when viewed afar. This review article is an attempt to correlate clinically, the symptoms of “Net?ic?laivatam”, a disease given in the Siddha text Y?ki vaittiya cint?ma?i - 800 with that of the common ailment Sinusitis mentioned in contemporary science. Through meticulous interpretation and parallel analysis of the condition it can be concluded that the signs and symptoms of ‘Net?ic?laivatam’ can be correlated well with that of Sinusitis. This parallel analysis would further pave way for better perceptive, diagnosis and management of the disease ‘Net?ic?laivatam’ as mentioned in Siddha literature
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The Siddha System of medicine, which had its presence in the historic Tamil lands one the most of all different clinical structures in the world. Around 4448 illnesses are described through Siddhars of their books and literatures, which might be subdivided into Vatha noi, Pitha noi, Kabha noi, Kasanoi, Soolai, Karapan, Kiraani, Vippuruthi etc. In Vippuruthi noikal Karpavippuruthi is one of the regularly encountered gynaecological illnesses, which turned into cited within the posted literature Pararasasekaram Irandavathu Karparoga Nithanam. The signs and symptoms of Karpavippuruthi cited in the Siddha literature can be correlated with uterine cancer and uterine fibroid in the modern disease of classificatory. The comparative research of Siddha system of medication convey to mild excessive stage of clinical expertise the Siddhars had. The research was focused at evolve a set of absolute Siddha diagnostic strategies for Karpavippuruthi and to correlate the signs and symptoms of Karpavippuruthi with that of carefully akin to situation in modern medical literature. By pertaining to the historic Siddha literature with current day, there could be each augmentation of the expertise of diagnosis and its remedy. This chapter was aimed in delving extensive into the clinical features cited under highly occurring disease “Karpavippuruthi” through Sage Pararasasekaram which in addition ends in shape the Siddha diagnosis and prognostic device of Karpavippuruthi.
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder which is characterized by chronic anovulation. Irregular periods, hirsutism, weight gain are the other signs of PCOS. The prevalence of PCOS worldwide is between 6% and 26% while in India it was 3.7% to 22.5%. PCOS is the most prevailing female endocrine disorder and the preeminent cause of infertility. Risk factors that contribute to the development of PCOS include genetics, neuroendocrine system, sedentary lifestyle, diet, and obesity. Modern medicine has found many ways to heal. Synthetic drugs such as metformin and oral contraceptive pills were available in the market, but because of their side effects, people depend on traditional and herbal medicines. This review provides a detailed approach to different types of traditional and natural systems for the treatment and management of PCOS. Different approaches to managing PCOS include the traditional system of drugs, herbal remedies, herbs, and Phyto-ingredients that have proven their potential in treating PCOS. Traditional medicine includes Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, naturopathy, yoga, and homeopathy. In addition to treatment, yoga also has potential in treating PCOS.
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BackgroundCurrently, no vaccines or modern drugs are available for dengue and chikungunya and only symptomatic relief is provided to the patients. Siddha medicine, a traditional form of indigenous medical system uses specific polyherbal formulations for the treatment of such infections with considerable success. One such polyherbal formulation for the treatment of chikungunya and dengue is Nilavembu kudineer (NVK). The mechanistic details of this drug as an antiviral for chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) is poorly understood.ObjectivesThe current study was undertaken to study the efficacy of NVK as an antiviral formulation against CHIKV and DENV.Materials and methodsCytotoxicity assays (MTT) were performed to determine the role of NVK as an antiviral during chikungunya and dengue infections in the following conditions-i). post infection, ii). during active infections and iii) protective, not allowing virus infection.ResultsIt was observed that NVK provides protection against CHIKV and DENV-2 during active infection as well can help to prevent virus infection in the cells and it mainly depends on the cellular availability of drugs for maximum protection against both the infections.ConclusionOur study establishes that extraction protocols are important to ensure maximum efficacy of NVK along with the time of addition of the drug during CHIKV and DENV infections in the cells. This study provides insights to the possible mode of action of NVK in in vitro condition during CHIKV and DENV infection.
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In India, according to WHO 2018 statistics, there were 63% of death occurred due to Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), in which Cardiovascular diseases were leading cause of death 27%, followed by Cancer 9%, Chronic respiratory disease 11%, Diabetes 3% and other NCDs 13%. This indicates that NCDs needs to become a priority in controlling and preventing. Therefore, the only effective intervention may be at controlling and preventing NCDs disease is Integrative Medicine. Integrative Medicine is a medical practice synthesizing Traditional medicine and Biomedicine preventive measures and treatment interventions. Autonomy of patients may end in no benefit out of their ignorance to select between the treatment options available in a country like India where Seven Recognized medical systems are available as a platter. Siddha system of medicine is one of the traditional medicines of India, practiced in the southern part of the country. This study aims at providing Health care system under one roof, in order to save public money, time and health as an existing model as co-location in Tamil Nadu. This can be achieved through assessing feasible areas of integration in the Siddha system of medicine with biomedicine. So the study deals with the utilization of Siddha system of medicine, scientific validation of Siddha medicines, Siddha medicine research undertaken by biomedical practitioners and some government policies supporting mainstreaming of Siddha.
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Purpose: In India, people with diabetes (PwDM) often seek care in the government-approved alternative medicine system, AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy). The purpose of this pilot study was to assess whether health education plus retinal imaging for diabetic retinopathy (DR) within an AYUSH hospital increased the uptake of screening for DR compared with health education and referral. Methods: The study was a nonrandomized pilot conducted in two AYUSH hospitals. Both hospitals received intervention on educating the AYUSH practitioners about DR screening and distributing health education materials to diabetic patients. In one hospital in addition to education, retinal imaging by a trained technician with remote grading by an ophthalmologist was provided, while in another hospital PwDM were referred to nearby eye hospitals for screening. The uptake of screening was assessed through registers and phone calls. Results: At baseline, only 10.7% of 178 PwDM were aware of DR and only 8% had undergone DR screening. After the intervention, in the hospital where screening was provided, all (100%) eligible patients (101) underwent digital imaging, whereas in the other hospital only 25% of 77 eligible patients underwent screening in eye hospitals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: AYUSH hospitals could provide a feasible and acceptable location for providing DR screening services. Further studies are required to assess scale-up of such intervention.
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Nano medicine in Siddha, is a unique concept and great advancement of Siddhar science. It was clearly explained and documented by many Siddhars by their medicine preparatory and testing methods. They have created many medicines with the use of metals and minerals because of its minimal quantity to avail the high potency results. To reverse the toxicity and adverse reactions they want to convert those heavy metals into Nano particles to modify the physical and chemical characters of the elements. By Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) we can control the Pharmaco Kinetics, Pharmaco Dynamics, non- specific toxicity, immunogenicity and makes bio-recognition and efficacy of drugs. This type of DDS is a major lacuna in our system. To overcome this, now we approach our drug as Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS). Thirumoolar’s hypothesis about Atomic theory has been reinstated as nanotechnology in this decade. Nano science and technology may be new to the world but Indian systems of Medicines have been using this technology to make Parpam, Chendhuram etc. The physico chemical, Phyto chemical analysis, The FTIR and ICP-OES studies of trial drug Rasa Mezhugu strongly suggesting the safety of the drug by proving heavy metals are in below detectable levels. The active principle Rasam is also within 3ppm as per the admissible level for the medicines. With the help of SEM, the trial drug consists of particles with in 1 to 100nm in size. By this we came to know that the drug has been finished perfectly and able to produce good therapeutic values. By approaching in NDDS, the trial drug increase the therapeutic value, bioavailability and act as smart drug.
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Sirakamba vatham is a clinical entity described by Sage Yugi in his treatise Yugi Vaithiya Chinthamani- 800, as one among the 80 types of Vatha diseases described in Siddha system of medicine. The study was aimed at in depth analysis of the clinical features mentioned under Sirakamba vatham of Siddha literature and to evolve standard Siddha diagnostic methods for management for Sirakamba vatham. This study was an observational, single center study with the sample size of 26, divided into Group I (control group) having normal individuals and group II (cases with Sirakkamba vatham). At the end of the study, it was concluded, that the symptoms of Sirakkamba vatham closely resembled the symptoms of Cerebro Vascular Accident especially of posterior circulation stroke.
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Background: In worldwide, 20-25% of the population have the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The highest prevalence rate reported in South Asia of MetS in the Punjabi community in India by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major and escalating public-health and clinical challenge worldwide in the wake of rapid urbanization, surplus energy intake, increasing obesity, and sedentary life habits. Nowadays, the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is increasing rapidly due to the inadequate solution for the newly developed health issues. Method: In this study, the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria were used as a standard tool for comparison. A total of 9 sources (4 Siddha classical textbooks, e-data such as pub-med, Google scholar, AYUSH research portal, NAMSTP) were searched to identify the appropriate analog for MetS. Results: 13 Terms related to MetS were identified from the 4 Siddha classical literature, whereas the e-data did not provide any term related to MetS. In those 13 terms, 3 terms which were closely relevant to MetS signs and symptoms were Aiya Migu Kunam, Paci Aiya Noi, and Megam. As a final point, this paper identified the Siddha analog for MetS as Aiyamigukunam. Conclusion: This paper ended up with analog to MetS as Aiyamigukunam and made a comparison with the standard IDF criteria for MetS.
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The Siddha system of medicine is widely practiced in South India and consists of an enormous classical literature that emphasize on pathological basis of disease. Contrary to conventional pathological basis of diseases, the Siddha pathology is solely based on the humoral makeup of individuals and rests on the conceptual framework formed by 96 Thathuvams (philosophies). These concepts connect the physical and inert energies of human body facilitating its existence at subtle and gross levels. Sirakkambavatham is one among the 80 Vatha diseases mentioned in the Siddha literature Yugivaithiyasinthaamani. The present literature survey has been conducted to provide an updated integrative framework of information about the pathological concepts of Sirakkambavatham from Siddha literature and its parallel analysis with Cerebrovascular accidents (Stroke).Validating the traditional text in the limelight of modern literature unveils the traditional wisdom of ancient saints of South India and provides a better approach for disease diagnosis, prevention and its management.